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The main hair care products are designated for daily or frequent use - hair washing, rinsing and styling. Out of all shampo is the mostly used by almost every one of us. The main purpose of shampoo is to remove dirt and sediments, which could build up due to negative environmental effects of polluted air, smoke, dust, very same hair styling products, etc. It is important how you shampoo your hair. First, thoroughly saturate scalp and hair using warm or cool water (hot water tends to dry out hair and scalp). Apply a really small amount of shampoo to palm and rub hands together to evenly distribute. Now apply shampoo to scalp with the tips of your fingers. The primary objective of shampooing is to clean your scalp, not wrestle your hair, so concentrate on massaging gently and allow foam to be distributed throughout hair while rinsing. It’s not necessary to do the “rinse and repeat” routine unless you have an oily or really dirty and flaky scalp. Shampooing frequency depends on your hair type and hair sort, like for normal hair it depends on whether hair is curly or straight. You can shampoo and condition straight hair every day for a sleek, radiant look. Curly hair, however, becomes too fluffy if it’s washed too often, so it should be shampooed and conditioned every other day. Most professional shampoos do not build up on hair, they continue to work effectively as long as you use them, so there’s no much need to switch products, unless your hair and scalp condition changes. Also, shampooing occasionally without using any conditioner or styling products might help to give hair a rest. It is important to choose the right shampoo for your hair - fine or thin hair can sometimes be more delicate and could benefit from a protein enriched shampoo or shampoo and conditioner formula with a light level of conditioner. Curly hair may look dry, and therefore can benefit from a regimen which includes moisturizing ingredients. People in general expect a lot from shampoos. Unfortunately, it is not easy to tell a good shampoo from a poor one. Cost, fragrance, and lots of foam is what most people look for in shampoo products. Lather and foam is of little importance , but they often get the most attention. Foaming occurs when surfactant molecules gather around air instead of oil. The result is millions of tiny bubbles. Obviously, the air bubbles are using the surfactants that should be removing dirt and oil. We have all seen shampoo advertisements showing happy, beautiful people taking showers with their heads heaped high with mounds of lather. These images have taught the public to associate lather with cleansing ability. The truth is, lots of foamy lather only means too much shampoo was used. Excess foam equals waste. Sebum and other oils quickly destroy foam. Ideally, the head should have just enough lather to lubricate the scalp and hair. This will help your fingers massage the shampoo more effectively into the hair. Fragrances and foaming qualities are not good ways to evaluate shampoos. Examine the hair’s condition after several uses. Is it flyaway, is it hard to comb, does it seem limp, do colors fade, is the hair dry or the scalp itchy? Carefully choose the shampoo to use or go by hair specialist's advice. The major types of surfactants are:
  • Anionic surfactants (Negatively charged ion) are the most widely used detergents in the cosmetology profession. They are inexpensive, simple to prepare, and excellent cleaners. They also rinse easily from the hair. A major disadvantage is that they can be harsh and irritating to the scalp Quite frequently, other surfactants and ingredients are added to reduce skin irritation.
  • Cationic surfactants (Positively charged ion) are rarely used in high concentrations in the cosmetology profession. Many types are dangerous to the eyes but are safe and useful in low amounts. Until recently, their positive charges prevented them from being mixed with negatively charged anionic surfactants. Newer types, however, eliminate this incompatibility.
  • Non-ionic surfactants do not have an electrical charge, which makes them resistant to water hardness deactivation. They are excellent grease removers. Most shampooes contain both non-ionic and anionic surfactants as they complement each other’s cleaning action. Non-ionic surfactants contribute to making the surfactant system less hardness sensitive.
  • Amphoteric surfactants are very mild, making them particularly suited for use in personal care products. They can be anionic (negatively charged), cationic (positively charged) or non-ionic (no charge) in solution, depending on the acidity or pH of the water. They are compatible with all other classes of surfactants and are soluble and effective in the presence of high concentrations of electrolytes, acids and alkalis. These surfactants may contain two charged groups of different sign. Whereas the positive charge is almost always ammonium, the source of the negative charge may vary (carboxylate, sulphate, sulphonate). These surfactants have excellent dermatological properties. They are frequently used in shampoos and other cosmetic products, and also in hand dishwashing liquids because of their high foaming properties.
Look at the label! Here is a quick guide to how gentle your shampoo is according to the surfactant used. However, keep in mind in professional formulas two and more surfuctants may appear, especially in case of amphoteric bases. Also depending on specific application and especially in case of dermatologic shampoo stronger and more hars surfuctants may be necessary:
  • Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate - strong and harsh;
  • Ammonium Laureth Sulfate - harsh but better than the above;
  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate - better than the above, but still a little harsh;
  • Sodium Laureth Sulfate - more gentle than the above, better pick;
  • TEA Lauryl Sulfate - gentle, good pick;
  • TEA Laureth Sulfate - very gentle, best pick.


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