Hair bears almost the whole body skin, except lips, palms, soles, parts of fingers, etc. Distribution of hair on the human body clearly indicates their purpose. Essentially, there are three basic groups of hair based on hair follicle size.
A) Lanugo. Lanugo hair is the very first hair fiber to be produced by a hair follicle. As an embryo develops in the womb the hair follicles form and begin to produce this type of hair. Lanugo hair is long, unpigmented and very fine. This first wave of hair growth is normally shed by the embryo at around 8 months gestation while in the womb and replaced by Terminal or Vellus hair ready for birth. However, sometimes babies can be born with this coat of Lanugo hair. This rare condition is called "Congenital Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa".
B) Vellus. Vellus hair is short fine unpigmented hair. It is the fuzzy hair found on the nose and over the cheeks. It is some times incorrectly referred to as Lanugo hair. Sometimes Vellus hair can grow exceptionally long particularly in people with malignancies. This excessively long Vellus hair is defined as the disease "acquired Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa". Strictly speaking long Vellus hair is not Lanugo hair despite the disease name. Vellus-like hair is a miniaturized from Terminal hair by Alopecia Androgenetica, or Alopecia Areata.
C) Terminal. Terminal hair comes from large hair follicles. It is long, coarse, pigmented and frequently contains a medulla. A hair follicle is capable of switching from Vellus hair production to Terminal hair and switching back again to Vellus-like hair production. During puberty many hair follicles around the genitals, arm pits, beard and chest in men transform from Vellus hair to Terminal hair under the direction of hormones. Equally hormones can cause Terminal hairs to revert to Vellus-like hair production as in Alopecia Androgenetica, or similar process may happen by immune system in Alopecia Areata.
In adults hair exists in a variety of locations, patterns, and density over the body. Terminal hairs can be further subdivided into different types depending on their nature and/or position of growth on the body. The hair characteristics are genetically determined within each follicle. Different Terminal hair types include:
1) Eyebrow hair. Eyebrow hair is a protective patch of hair above the eye sockets. It channels away sweat and other fluids and helps reduce any excessive glare from sunlight entering the eyes. Average maximum hair length is about 10mm. The hair fiber is curved and coarse and includes a medulla. Hair growth rate is typically 0.16mm per day in both men and women. This is one of the slowest growth rates of any hair follicle type found on the human body. Slow growth has led to some degree of superstition from many in the medical and cosmetic industries. Some surgeons are wary of shaving eyebrows for fear they will not grow back. They do grow but the rate of growth is so slow that the patient may become concerned. Eyebrow follicles are also sensitive to injury. Plucking an eyebrow follicle once or twice may lead to extensive and irreversible destruction and no further hair growth.
2) Eyelash hair. Eyelash hair is very similar to eyebrow hair. Average length is around 7.5mm and the growth rate is about the same as for eyebrows. Eyelashes are very important in protecting the eye from dust and debris. People without eyelashes have frequent problems with eye contamination and a possible increase in eye infection that requires regular attention from an ophthalmologist.
3) Scalp hair. Scalp hair is Terminal hair unless the hair follicles have been affected by disease such as Androgenetic Alopecia. Terminal scalp hair grows in a clockwise whorl pattern on the top of the head with merging of this pattern into hair angled downwards and away from the face around the ears and lower back of the scalp. Growth rates are up to 0.35mm per day, possibly slightly faster in females, than males.
4) Beard hair. The beard develops in response to testosterone/steroidal hormones during puberty. These hairs follicles produce thick, coarse, Terminal hair. The hair follicles are some of the fastest producers of hair with a mean growth rate around 0.38mm per day.
5) Body hair. Some hairs on the arms, legs and torso are mildly responsive to androgens. Other neighboring follicles may not have androgen receptors. This distinction leads to some body hair follicles producing pigmented terminal hair in response to androgen stimulation in adulthood when neighboring follicles continue to produce vellus hair.
6) Whisker hair. The hair follicles on the chin are highly androgen responsive in both men and women. Women with abnormally high androgen levels can grow beards. Note that whiskers are not the same as the vibrissae on rodents and cats. Vibrissae are specially modified follicles with numerous sensory nerve endings in an around the hair follicle structure to detect movement in the hair fiber.
7) Pubic hair. Pubic hair is a kind of Terminal hair type. It is usually pigmented and of large diameter. The kinks in it make its appearance distinctive.