C vitamin (Ascorbic acid) - needed for collagen and blood vessel formation, tissue respiration, wound healing. Vitamin C is also used to prevent hair loss. It is responsible for capillary tone and integrity. Vitamin C deficiency induces impaired microcirculation, therefore hair loss, since hair especially need an active blood supply. Vitamin C possesses antioxidant properties and contributes to iron uptake, critical for hair not to be fragile and dull. Vitamin C also helps to cope with stress – one of the main hair problems triggering factors.

Caffeine - is a purine alkaloid. It has been proved that, when applied externally, caffeine exerts a stimulating effect on hair growth. A study conducted in 2007 by T. W. Fischer (Journal of Dermatology; Jan 2007, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p27-35) immunohistochemically shows a statistically significant increase in hair growth associated with the influence of Caffeine in the experiment ex vivo on the hair follicles in patients suffering from Androgenetic Alopecia - when applied topically, it has shown a pronounced effect of stimulating hair growth. Also, the positive role of Caffeine has been proved by the studies conducted at the Dermatology department of the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf. In combination with Minoxidil and other stimulators, caffeine exerts a synergistic effect. According to present-day data, Caffeine’s inhibiting effect on phosphodiesterase plays a significant role in its mechanism of action, which results in intracellular accumulation of cyclic Adenosine monophosphate. Caffeine reduces platelet aggregation and enhances blood flow. Studies have shown it stimulates hair follicles metabolism and has a positive impact on the scalp by protective and regenerative action on the epidermis, which reduces negative effects of Testosterone, as well as various dermatoses signs activities.

Calcium - one of the most important macronutrients for muscle, heart, nervous system, skin and bone tissues.

Calcium Pantothenate - pantothenic acid or vitamin B5, used as a therapeutic agent for variety of pathological conditions caused by disturbed metabolic processes treatment, such as eczema, allergic reactions, dermatitis, as well as trophic ulcers, burns, etc. Stimulates production of corticosteroids and improves the processes of regeneration. Therapeutic effect in cosmetic agents: activates internal metabolic processes and skin condition improvement, protects from skin lesions, reduces sensitivity and likelihood of allergic reactions.

Calendula Officinalis (pot marigold) – botanic flower extract stimulates metabolism of skin cells and epidermal keratinization. An experimental study on calendula galenic preparations has shown that they have multiple pharmacological effects based on the rich content of biologically active compounds, such as carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamins present in the plant flowers. Calendene and Carotene are the basic substances contained in them. Calendula flowers are also rich in malic, pentadecylic and salycilic acids. Calendula extract is capable of coping with the herpes virus. Due to presence of glycosides, tanning substances, saponins and vitamin С, calendula-based preparations exert antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects and help strengthen the blood vessel walls. In Trichology and Dermatology is used for skin toning while scarring, inflammation, psoriasis and others, as well as for hair structure problems.

Camellia Oleifera, Camelia Sinensis, Thea Sinensis  (tea tree) - botanic extract. Being of Indian and Vietnamese origin, Camelia has become a plant known all over the world. This evergreen tree or shrub belongs to the Theaceae family and is cultivated both for its exquisite pink or pale-pink flowers and for the purpose of producing useful oils used in cosmetology (essential oil obtained from the leaves). Due to its properties, the Tea tree extract is a powerful antioxidant, it protects the upper layers of the skin from damaging solar radiation and free radicals, slows down skin ageing, eliminates irritation and calms down the skin. Tea tree oil stimulates the immune system, it is an effective natural antiseptic, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps with psoriasis, cracking and other skin problems.

Camphor Laurel - derived from the plant camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor, used for the treatment of oily and dry seborrhea, also helps absorb active substances and inhibit 5α-reductase enzyme, responsible for excessive hair loss.

Capixyl™ - is a proprietary complex (patent No. WO2005/009456 – US7057719) produced by Unipex (Canada). Capixyl is formed by Tetrapeptide (Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 is a peptide comprised of 4 amino acids stimulating hair growth by direct influence on hair follicles) and Trifolium Pratense (red clover) extract with a high concentration of Biochanin A. Trifolium Pratense extract is traditionally used for treatment of asthma, psoriasis, and eczema. The main red clover isoflavone Biochanin A is an efficient inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2. Studies have shown that Biochanin A suppresses inflammation by blocking proinflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-1α. Biomimetic Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis in the papillae of hair follicles, exerting a direct stimulating effect on hair growth. For more detailed information on these studies see www.unipex.com.

Capsicum Frutescens (chili pepper) - botanical extract contains the alkaloid Capsaicin. Capsaicin belongs to the pharmacological group of natural irritating agents. Capsaicin is a blocker of A-type fast К-channels. Its irritating effect is due to its binding to vanilloid receptors VR1 (TRPV-1), while being their agonist. Scientists from the UK Nottingham University have found out that Capsaicin, which gives hot pepper its sharp burning flavor and irritating effect, induces massive death of malignant cells. A recent study conducted by Ehsani A, Toosi S, Seirafi H, et al. Capsaicin vs. Clobetasol for the treatment of localized Alopecia Areata. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009, has demonstrated the efficacy of Capsaicin in the treatment of focal hair loss is comparable to the activity of the powerful corticosteroid Clobetasol 0.5%. Capsaicin is also known to exhibit a positive role in the treatment of diffuse hair loss caused by stress factors. When applied,releases capsaicin - the alkaloid, that effectively activates the peripheral blood circulation. In addition contains keratinoids, ascorbic acid, essential and fatty oils, saponins and other substances. Has positively irritating effect on the scalp, causes thermal expansion effect on the blood capillaries, thus stimulating hair growth.

Catagen - slowing down phase of hair growth with follow-up transition to a regression stage.

Cedrus Atlantica (cedarwood) - cedarwood has a long history as an incense and perfume, the wood was burned by the Greeks and Romans to fragrant the air, the Egyptians used cedarwood in the embalming process and as a perfume ingredient from ancient times. The bark extract possesses antifungal, antibacterial, antiseptic, regenerative and toning properties. In Trichology and Cosmetology cedarwood is used in scalp and hair tonics.  

CEGABA (N-Carboxyethyl Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) - Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is a well-known neurotransmitter present in high concentrations in the brain structures. Carboxyethyl gamma-aminobutyric acid is obtained through amino acid synthesis. This substance exerts stimulating activity, enhancing the mitotic activity of cells without any toxic effect. According to the data of clinical trials conducted by GATTEFOSSE’ SAS (France), the hair growth stimulating effect obtained in a group receiving CEGABA is comparable with the effectiveness of Minoxidil, but in the CEGABA group positive results are achieved faster and with no side effects. It is effective both as monotherapy and in combination with vitamins and amino acids [Metabolic meaning and preliminary results in trichology : Italian – French SICC- SFC Symposium on Natural Extracts in
Cosmetology, Chamonix, June 1987 and COSNGG, 60, 176 – 187 (1998) (Trichological evaluation gives a first good evidence of the effects of Carboxyethyl Aminobutyric Acid (CEGABA) in restoring the equilibrium of hair loss / hair growth].

Ceramides - regenerating substances extracted from plants, reduce cracking of the hair, give hair shine. Ceramide polysaturated fatty acids and glycosides are essential components of cell membranes; have strong moisturizing properties; slow down the aging process of the skin; strengthens hair.

Ceratonia Siliqua (carob tree) – botanic extract contains essential oils, salicylic acid, esters, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, etc.. It has antispasmodic, enveloping effect, improves scalp balance and hair condition.

Chamomilla Recutita, Matricaria Chamomilla, Chamomile – flower extract contains Azulene (Chamazulene), Anthemic acid, and glycosides. Chamazulene exhibits marked anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiseptic and astringent effects. Extract strengthens hair roots, decreases the formation of dandruff.

Chlorella Vulgaris - green micro seaweed with high concentration of proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and polysaccharides. Has conditioning, integrative and nourishing action on hair and scalp, confer hydration and smoothness to hair.

Chondroitin Sulfate - a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, composed of a chain of alternating sugars or a mucopolysaccharide, known for its anti-inflammatory activity, the stimulation of the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid.

Chrome - the element necessary for glucose metabolism, affects insulin and thus carbohydrates, fats and proteins, respectively affects the strength of hair.

Citrus Sinensis (orange) – botanic extract has an anti-inflammatory and calming effect on scalp, reduces sebaceous glands excretion, decreases hair greasyness. Orange contains a complex of nutrients and vitamins, extract of orange also moisturizes hair, restores their elasticity and a natural healthy glow.

Clay - cosmetic material for skin state improvement - deep cleanses and whitens it. The action of clays depends on their mineral composition that also affects their color. In some types of clay dominates the silica wbile in others aluminum and manganese. Silica has a positive effect on the epidermis, makes blood vessels more flexible, stimulates hair growth, lipid metabolism, the formation of collagen. Aluminium has antacid, drying and astringent properties, manganese – soothing and deodorizing effect. But the "major" remain leaching and purifying properties of clays. Green clay colored by iron oxide, pH = 7, contains about 50% silica, 13% aluminum and 15% other minerals - silver, copper, gold, magnesium, calcium, potash, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, cobalt, and molybdenum. Primarily used for oily skin and hair, also any type of dandruff. Well suited for skin with dilated pores and as a peeling, fights inflammation and rashes, wrinkles, making skin tone even, and generally makes the skin more soft and smooth. Green clay mask perfectly cleanses pores, eliminates shine, has drying and tightening effect. Restore moisture balance of skin, improves internal circulation and helps to preserve youth and beauty. White clay - or kaolin, pH = 5, by its chemical composition is an aluminosilicate powder with lots of aluminum, slightly greasy by touch and rich in substances such as silica, zinc and magnesium. It is formed by the destruction of various rocks that contain feldspars and consists of very small particles, which determines its ability to absorb toxic substances and heavy metals. Useful properties of kaolin were described by Hippocrates in the IV century BC and ever since the white clay is used by in the masks of beauties of all times. White clay mask has antiseptic and regenerating properteties, providing a special effect on the epidermis exposed to environmental pollution. It mineral content nourishes the epidermis, prevents the spread of germs due to its properties to absorb toxins and pollution, facilitates cellular regeneration by stimulating the metabolism. White clay helps to stop hair loss and strengthens brittle and weak hair. It is best suited for thin, dull skin, only the white clay can be used for sensitive skin due to its low pH factor. Red clay colour is due to the presence of a combination of iron oxide and copper, it is not as good adsorbent as a green clay. Usefull for skin when iron deficiency in the body. Red clay helps with skin allergies, it is more suitable for sensitive, fading, dry, easily irritated skin. Also, the red clay masks are beneficial for any skin with blood vessels located close to its surface and therefore prone to redness. Red clay soothes irritations, reduces sweating.

Climbazole - is a powerful compound against dandruff. It belongs to azoles possessing a fungistatic effect. Azoles inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane. Climbazole fights dandruff and prevents its reappearance, exerts a relaxing effect on the scalp and gives the hair a healthy shine. It is also an active antimicrobial component. It is effective for the fungus Malassezia Furfur. Soluble in water and therefore shows no activity between hair washes, as does not deposits active reserve substances on the scalp. In Trichology and Cosmetology it is used predominantly in medical and cosmetic preparations.

Cobalt - trace element, a part of the cobalamin - Vitamin B12, essential for the normal functioning of body cells, especially for bones and gastrointestinal tract. Also enhances the strength of hair.

Cocoa butter - fat oil, tones and speeds wound healing.

Cocos Nucifera (coconut) - oil has a high biological activity, protects and softens skin, strengthens the weak structure of damaged hair, promotes intensive nutrition for hair keratin, aids in hair combing and improves their elasticity and shine. Also soothes sensitive scalp.

Collagen, Hydrolized Collagen - a fibrous protein of skin and hair in humans and other mammals. Collagen is a structural protein, which is the basic component of the connective tissue, gives it hardness and fills up the space between cells and muscle fibers. Collagen maintains water balance in a cell. Collagen accounts for 30% of the total mass of human protein, it is responsible for resilience, elasticity, an adequate moisturizing of the skin, nails and hair and for continuous cell regeneration. Progressive age-dependent collagen deficiency causes worsening of skin, nail and hair appearance. Usage of collagen-containing preparations contributes to slowing down skin ageing, improves its protective functions, contributes to hair and nails regeneration, helps fight dandruff, psoriasis and dermatitis, slows down hair graying and strengthens the blood vessel walls. Collagen usage leads to prolonged effect of extracts and oils in cosmetic products; in conjunction with keratin, collagen activates healing of scalp micro-cracks and fills out hair defects, enhances brightness of colored hair, gives hair shine, and forms a collagen (protective) coating on the hair surface. Collagen is substantive to hair and is an effective conditioner giving hair the shape and texture. In Trichology and Cosmetology is used to restore damaged skin and the internal hair structure, as well as for its antiseptic, skin and hair conditioning effects, resulting in skin and hair surface coverage with a very thin protective film.

Copper - trace element, important for iron absorption, involved in the formation of blood and bones. Copper is a vital element, it is a part of various vitamins, hormones, enzymes and respiratory pigments, it participates in the processes of metabolism, tissue respiration, etc. Copper is very important to maintain normal structure of bones, cartilages, tendons (collagen), elasticity of blood vessel walls, skin (elastin) and hair. Copper forms a part of myelin nerve sheaths. Copper effect on carbohydrate metabolism appears through acceleration of glucose oxidation and deceleration of glycogen degradation in the liver processes. Copper forms parts of many essential enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase, ascorbic oxidase, etc. Copper is present in the system of body antioxidant protection and is a cofactor of the enzyme superoxide dismutase which participates in the neutralization of oxygen free radicals. Copper improves the body’s resistance to certain infections, binds microbial toxins and enhances the effects of antibiotics. Copper possesses a marked anti-inflammatory effect, reduces the manifestations of autoimmune diseases and contributes to the iron uptake in the body. It is responsible for natural color of hair and helps avoid premature hair graying In Cosmetology and Trichology is used in the composition of mineral salts for skin care and hair strengthening products.

Cortex - middle cortical layer of hair.

Crataegus Monogyna - extract of the fruit contains sufficient amount of sugars (mainly fructose), malic and citric acids, pectin and tannic substances. It is rich in vitamins C, P and carotene. Flowers contain essential oil, calcium, magnesium, zinc and other chemical elements, as well as their salts. In medicine, Crataegus Monogyna has been used since XVI due to its sedative, spasmolytic and anastaltic properties. In cosmetic products for skin and hair care, Crataegus Monogyna is used due to its capacity to moisturize skin and regulate fluid balance, produce a tonic effect, improve metabolic processes, reduce itching and inflammation.

Cucumis Sativus (cucumber) - herbal extract cleanses, hydrates, stimulates and refreshens scalp skin, widely used in dermatology for skin care.

Cuticle - the outer keratinized layer of hair.

Cyanocobalamin - or vitamin B12, is recommended for all types of seborrhea.

Cysteine - structural amino hair. It is present in large numbers in keratins, also a part of the proteins and some peptides (glutathione). Takes part in protein biosynthesis.